Facilitate for Group Results

Facilitation by definition means to make easy for others. Facilitation is about helping a group experience "discovery" and "application" while moving forward toward improved performance. An effective facilitator will help participants learn from each other through guided discussion and other methods. Often during openings, activities, coaching, questioning, and closing, the presenter is really facilitating a process rather than presenting information. An effective facilitator draws from the group and leads people to a higher level. Here is how you can be a great facilitator.

Pacing

• Keep a sense of urgency for yourself and for the participants.
  
• Use a countdown timer for some exercises and activities to ensure the group stays on topic and on time.
  
• Start and end on time.
  
• Look for signals from participants that they are bored. Change the action.
  
• Put people into small group discussions to drive up pace and energy.
  
• Get people on their feet.
• Mix people into different groups.
• Change the room setting. Shift the front of the room by ninety degrees or use a different layout for the tables or chairs.
• Do something unexpected, like a pop quiz or team competition.
• Take a break every 90 minutes.
• Never mention breaks unless you are about to take one.
• If participants know it is time for lunch or time to end the day, just stop. Nothing you say or do will keep everyone's attention.

Encouraging Discussion

• Before we begin our session on..., let's go around the room and get some words that describe this topic as you understand it.
• Describe a time when you were encouraged to....
• Describe a time when you were discouraged from....
• Describe a time when effective...paid off.
• Describe your worst experience with...
• Describe your best experience with....
• What is your definition of...?
• What lessons have you learned about...?
• If you had to offer advice about..., what would it be?
• The word...means many things to people, what does...mean to you?

Summarizing

• Don't tell people what you can ask them.
• Briefly review key learning points.
• Confirm the benefits and value of being in the room.
• Discuss application opportunities and coach people to identify specific upcoming situations where they will use what they learned.
• Have participants discuss learning and applications in small groups and report back.
• Create a sense of urgency. Coach participants to act immediately, like at a break on the phone, rather than a week or month from now.
• Have participants get into teams and do "teach-backs" of key points to the full group.

Presenting to Gain Input

One of the most common and critical types of business presentations is the presentation to gain input. Rather than being a one-way delivery of information, this presentation seeks involvement from the participants and relies on getting productive outcomes to move processes forward. By its nature, this type of presentation requires flexibility on the part of the presenter and a willingness to allow the process to unfold without dominating the discussion. In planning a presentation to gain input, carefully consider the people who will attend the meeting. Who is your audience?

Knowledge of the topic
To gain input, you typically invite participants who have a thorough knowledge of the topic. Sometimes, however, you want an audience that has little or no experience with the topic, as in focus groups or market research.

Previous experience with the topic
Does your audience include individuals who have had a range of experience with the topic? How have they reacted: positively or negatively? What specific examples do you know?

Level of preparation required for the meeting
If you are looking for informed input, you may need to ask your participants to prepare for the meeting. Consider what they may need to bring with them to the presentation in the way of documentation, homework, research, or planning and let them know in advance.

Individual bias concerning the topic
Are you aware of bias for or against your topic? Does this audience include individuals who either champion this topic or who are antagonistic toward some aspect of it?

Attitudes of open-mindedness and cooperation
Review the individuals participating in the presentation. Do they include people who are open about exchanging their ideas and opinions? Are there participants who are reluctant to speak up? Will this audience cooperate with your agenda and purpose?

Degree of detail preferred by participants
Some audiences want only the basics about the topic under discussion. Others need more details before they are willing to express themselves. Consider preparing levels of detail from broad to specific that you can bring into the discussion as needed.

Supporting evidence needed to present the topic
Present basic evidence in the body of your presentation. Be prepared to reveal additional evidence in response to questions and requests for clarification.

Presenting with Visual Impact

You have the opportunity to be a better leader, mentor, educator, and more refined communicator when you use the strength of visuals and graphics. Human beings possess separate thinking systems for processing visual and verbal material. Your capacity for meaningful learning increases when you tap into the power of both. When selecting and preparing visuals, keep the following general guidelines in mind:

Clarity - Is the visual understandable within a few seconds?

• As a rule of thumb, use no more than six lines with six words or fewer to a line.
• If the visual is a mixture of text and drawing, remember to keep 60 to 70 percent blank space.
• Font size is extremely important. Text that is too small and cannot be read becomes a point of distraction and possibly frustration to participants. The absolute minimum font size is 24 points, but larger is preferred.
• A rule of thumb is that for every 12 feet of depth in audience seating, there should be one inch of height on the screen or flip chart.
• Use a combination of upper and lowercase letters. Avoid all capitals in the body of the text. All uppercase letters are hard to read. Words in lowercase letters are easier and quicker to read. Ninety-five percent of all reading material is in lowercase.

Relevancy - Does the visual support and reflect your point?

Remember, just as visual aids can enhance a presentation, they can also compete with the message. Don't create competition with irrelevant and distracting visuals. Even if something is highly entertaining or funny, do not use it unless it clearly makes a point.

Eye Appeal - Is the visual aesthetically pleasing?

• Lines, borders, boxes, and shapes add interest to a visual and make it more interesting, eye-catching, and desirable.
• Experiment with fonts to find the ones that best match the presentation's style.
• Don't overdo type-style variations on a series of visuals. Too many varieties of styles can be distracting, confusing, and amateurish.
• Because people form judgments from first contacts, the acceptability of visuals can be enhanced by the thoughtful use of art. Make sure that the image portrayed generates the reaction desired.
• Visual layouts should be landscape rather than portrait because the eye finds it more natural, comfortable, and pleasing to look across rather than up and down. Likewise, some professional presenters feel that projection screens, flip charts, etc, should be to the audience's right, when they are facing the speaker. This allows audience members to focus on the speaker first and then "read from left to right" to see the related visuals.

Quality - Does the visual look professional?

Use all the professional help and tools available to ensure your visuals look professional. Get an unbiased person's opinion before using them. Remember, your visuals will reflect your image, and simple mistakes like misspelled words can undermine your professional image.

Memorable

Well-chosen graphics can have a significant impact on the success of a visual because we think in pictures rather than in words. Many research studies indicate that the use of color increases retention and impact.

Visibility - Can everyone see it?

• Use presentation enhancements that are large enough for the audience. Even the person farthest away must be able to see it.
• Be sure the font size is legible. As stated previously, the absolute minimum font size is 24 points, but larger is preferred.
• If projected visuals are used, place the screen where everyone in the room can see it without having to twist into an uncomfortable position. The corners of a room are usually the best choice.
• Check the lighting. When possible, dim room lighting so that it will not shine on the screen. However, avoid making the room so dark that participants can't read or write. A darkened room can reduce the amount of participation and the level of enthusiasm within the group.

Background - Does the color scheme enhance visibility?

• A clear or light background with dark text is best when the room is bright or the lights are on and/or the projector is of a lower intensity.
• A medium color background with dark text (shadow text adds contrast) is acceptable for light rooms and small audiences because it adds interest.
• A dark background with light text is best in dark rooms with large audiences. It is usually limited to slides on computer-generated projection. It requires high-quality equipment and is not suitable for overhead transparencies or LCD panels.